УДК: 612.8, 612.821, 004.85, 004.93’12, 004.932, 007.51, 159.93

Recognizing fragmented images and the appearance of “insight”

Shelepin, K.Y., Pronin, S.V., Shelepin, Y.E.

Publication in Journal of Optical Technology

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Шелепин К.Ю., Пронин С.В., Шелепин Ю.Е. Распознавание фрагментированных изображений и возникновение "инсайта" // Оптический журнал. 2015. Т. 82. № 10. С. 72–80.

Shelepin K.Yu., Pronin S.V., Shelepin Yu.E. Recognizing fragmented images and the appearance of “insight” [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2015. V. 82. № 10. P. 72–80.

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

K. Yu. Shelepin, S. V. Pronin, and Yu. E. Shelepin, "Recognizing fragmented images and the appearance of “insight”," Journal of Optical Technology. 82(10), 700-706 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.82.000700

Abstract:

This article gives an analysis of the interconnection of the optical properties of incomplete (fragmented) images and the psychophysical recognition thresholds of objects as necessary conditions for the appearance of visual insight. A well-known method of measuring the perception thresholds of fragmented images—the Gollin test—is proposed for the first time for solving the problem of evaluating the characteristics of insight in a person. The architecture of the neural networks that ensure the appearance of insight is considered.

Keywords:

pattern recognition, recognition threshold, insight, fragmented images, Gollin test, neuromorphic structures, matched filtering

Acknowledgements:

This work was carried out with the state financial support of the leading universities of the Russian Federation (Subsidy 074-U01 to ITMO University).

OCIS codes: 100.4999, 100,6950, 330.5000

References:

1. W. Köhler, Gestalt Psychology (Live-right, New York, 1929).
2. I. P. Pavlov, “Review of Köhler’s work. Pavlovian clinical media: short-hand notes of sessions in neural and psychiatric clinics,” in Shorthand Notes 1935–1936 (Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 1949), vol. 3, pp. 43–44.
3. B. P. Babkun, Experience in the Systematic Study of Complex Neural (Mental) Phenomena in the Dog (Izd. VMA, St. Petersburg, 1904).
4. R. Hess and D. Field, “Integration of contours—new insights,” Trends Cogn. Sci. 3, No. 12, 480 (1999).
5. B. A. Olshausen and D. J. Field, “Sparse coding of sensory inputs,” Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 14, 481 (2004).
6. A. Ghosh and N. Petkov, “Robustness of shape descriptors to incomplete contour representations,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27, 1793 (2005).
7. I. Kovach and B. Julesz, “A closed curve is much more than an incomplete one: effect of closure in figure–ground segmentation (contour detection/field theory),” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7495 (1993).
8. K. Koffka, Principles of Gestalt Psychology (Harcourt Brace, New York, 1935).
9. N. Foreman and R. Hemmings, “The Gollin incomplete figures test: a flexible, computerized version,” Perception 16, 543 (1987).
10. Yu. E. Shelepin, “The perception of fragmented images,” in Organization and Plasticity of the Cortex of the Large Hemispheres of the Brain (NII Nozzle RAMN, Moscow, 2001), p. 103.
11. V. Chikhman, Y. Shelepin, N. Foreman, A. Merkuljev, and S. Pronin, “Incomplete figure perception and invisible masking,” Perception 35, 1441 (2006).
12. K. V. Bardin, The Problem of Sensitivity Thresholds and Psychophysical Methods (Nauka, Moscow, 1976).
13. E. Warrington and L. Weiskrantz, “New method of testing long-term retention with special reference to amnesic patients,” Nature 217, 972 (1968).
14. E. K. Warrington, “Neuropsychological studies of object identification,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 298, 15 (1982).
15. A. A. Deshkovich, A. V. Merkul’ev, V. N. Chikhman, and Yu. E. Shelepin, “Perception of fragmented images and the diagnosis of illnesses of the visual system,” in Transactions of the Conference on Combat Injuries of the Organ of Sight (Izd. VMA, St. Petersburg, 2003), p. 161.
16. V. V. Lavrov and A. V. Rudinskiı˘, “The recognition of fragmented images,” Sens. Sist. 4, 317 (2004).
17. N. D. Chernova, S. Muravyova, Y. Shelepin, N. Foreman, Z. Tadtaeva, V. Chihman, and S. Pronin, “Gollin test on noisy backgrounds,” Perception 28, 77 (1999).
18. M. B. Patterson, J. L. Mack, and A. H. Schnell, “Performance of elderly and young normal on the Gollin Incomplete Pictures Test,” Perceptual Motor Skills 89, 663 (1999).
19. V. Chikhman, Y. Shelepin, and S. Pronin, “Experimental study of invariant perception of wavelet images,” J. Opt. Technol. 78, No. 12, 803 (2011) [Opt. Zh. 78, No. 12, 50 (2011)].
20. B. A. Olshausen and D. J. Field, “Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images,” Nature 381, 607 (1996).
21. Yu. E. Shelepin, L. N. Kolesnikova, and Yu. I. Levkovich, Visual Contrast Measurement (Nauka, Leningrad, 1985).
22. N. F. Podvigin, F. N. Makarov, and Yu. E. Shelepin, Elements of the Structural–Functional Organization of the Visual–Eye-Movement System (Nauka, Leningrad, 1986).
23. V. D. Glezer, N. F. Podvigin, K. N. Dudkin, and A. A. Nevskaya, Visual Recognition (Nauka, Leningrad, 1976).

24. V. D. Glezer, Vision and Thought (Nauka, Leningrad, 1996).
25. I. B. Tsukkerman, “Concerning the compatibility of spatial-frequency filters of a visual analyzer with the statistics of images,” Biofizika 23, 1108 (1978).
26. S. Hochstein and M. Ahissar, “View from the top: hierarchies and reverse hierarchies in the visual system,” Neuron 36, 791 (2002).
27. M. Ahissar and S. Hochstein, “Task difficulty and the specificity of perceptual learning,” Nature A 387, 401 (1997).
28. N. N. Krasil’nikov, Transfer, Reception, and Perception of Images (Izd. Radio i Svyaz’, Moscow, 1986).
29. N. N. Krasil’nikov and Yu. E. Shelepin, “A functional model of vision,” J. Opt. Technol. 64, 136 (1997) [Opt. Zh. 64, No. 2, 72 (1997)].
30. Y. E. Shelepin, N. N. Krasilnikov, O. I. Krasilnikova, and V. N. Chihman, “What visual perception model is optimal in terms of signal-to-noise ratio?” Proc. SPIE 3981, 161 (2000).
31. M. Singh and J. Fulvio, “Bayesian contour extrapolation: geometric determinations of good continuation,” Vis. Res. 47, 783 (2007).
32. Yu. E. Shelepin, O. V. Borachuk, S. V. Pronin, A. K. Kharauzov, P. P. Vasil’ev, and V. A. Fokin, “The face and nonverbal means of communication,” Peterburg Psikholog. Zh. No. 9, 1 (2014).
33. Yu. Shelepin and N. Krasil’nikov, “The principle of least action, the physiology of vision, and conditional-reflector theory,” Ros. Fiziol. Zh. 89, 725 (2003).
34. A. K. Kharauzov, P. P. Vasil’ev, A. V. Sokolov, Yu. E. Shelepin, M. B. Kuvaldina, O. V. Borachuk, V. A. Fokin, and S. V. Pronin, “Image perception in visual-search tasks when dynamic noise is present,” J. Opt. Technol. 82, 298 (2015) [Opt. Zh. 82, No. 5, 42 (2015)].
35. Y. E. Shelepin and N. N. Pavlov, “Spatial discreteness, image filtration, and Gestalt construction,” Perception Suppl. 12, No. 4, 537(1989).
36. N. N. Pavlov, S. A. Koskin, and Yu. E. Shelepin, “The effect of spatial discretization and filtering of the elements of images on the possibility of combining them into a pattern,” Sens. Sist. 3, 417 (1989).
37. A. P. Ginsburg, “Is the illusory triangle physical or imaginary?” Nature 257, 219 (1975).
38. A. P. Ginsburg, “Spatial filtering and visual form perception,” in Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, K. Boff, ed. (Wiley, New York, 1986), pp. 99–109.
39. M. Pavlovskaya, I. Vol, and B. Blum, “Facilitation of pattern recognition by cuing foveation with the luminance centroid as origin of the frame of reference,” Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 12, 165 (1992).
40. A. A. Kharkevich, Collected Works. Pattern Recognition, vol. 3. (Nauka, Moscow, 1973), pp. 468–511.