Lidar model of the formation of a sodium laser star when space objects are being observed and angularly tracked

Afonin, G.I., Koshkarov, A.S., Maltsev, G.N.

Full text «Opticheskii Zhurnal»

Full text on elibrary.ru

Publication in Journal of Optical Technology

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Афонин Г.И., Кошкаров А.С., Мальцев Г.Н. Лидарная модель формирования натриевой «лазерной звезды» при наблюдении и угловом сопровождении космических объектов // Оптический журнал. 2019. Т. 86. № 6. С. 36–44. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2019-86-06-36-44

Afonin G.I., Koshkarov A.S., Maltsev G.N. Lidar model of the formation of a sodium laser star when space objects are being observed and angularly tracked [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2019. V. 86. № 6. P. 36–44. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2019-86-06-36-44

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

G. I. Afonin, A. S. Koshkarov, and G. N. Mal’tsev, "Lidar model of the formation of a sodium laser star when space objects are being observed and angularly tracked," Journal of Optical Technology. 86(6), 355-361 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.86.000355

Abstract:

This paper discusses a lidar model of the formation of a sodium laser star for the measurement and adaptive correction of atmospheric phase distortions in a ground-based optical system when space objects are being observed and angularly tracked. The energy characteristics of the laser star are studied when it occupies various angular positions in the visibility zone of a ground-based optical system. Requirements are formulated on the energy characteristics of a laser for forming a laser star in order to implement adaptive phase-matched correction of atmospheric phase distortions when low-orbit space objects are being observed.

Keywords:

laser star, atmospheric phase distortions, adaptive optics, phase matching

OCIS codes: 140.0140, 350.1260

References:

1. M. A. Vorontsov and V. I. Shmal’gauzen, Principles of Adaptive Optics (Radio i Svyaz’, Moscow, 1985).
2. I. N. Matveev, A. N. Safronov, I. N. Troitskiı˘, and N. D. Ustinov, Adaptation in Optical Information Systems (Radio i Svyaz’, Moscow, 1984).
3. V. P. Lukin, Atmospheric Adaptive Optics (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1986).
4. V. Dyatlov, “The main directions of the development of ground-based optoelectronic media for monitoring space in the USA, part 1,” Zarub. Voen. Obozr. (1), 50–55 (2006).
5. V. Dyatlov, “The main directions of the development of ground-based optoelectronic media for monitoring space in the USA, part 2,” Zarub. Voen. Obozr. (2), 30–35 (2006).
6. V. D. Shargorodskiı˘, A. A. Galkin, E. A. Grishin, and P. P. Inshin, “Obtaining the images of spacecraft with the telescope of the Altai Optical–Laser Center using adaptive optics,” Kosm. Issled. 46(3), 201–205 (2008).
7. A. B. Bel’skiı˘, V. I. Kolin’ko, and N. G. Yatskevich, “New approach to the development of optoelectronic facilities for monitoring near-earth space,” J. Opt. Technol. 76(8), 468–472 (2009) [Opt. Zh. 76 (8), 22–28 (2009)].
8. D. Leverington, Observatories and Telescopes of Modern Times (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2017).

9. B. M. Welsh, C. S. Gardner, and L. A. Thompson, “Design and performance analysis of adaptive-optical systems using laser guide stars,” Proc. IEEE 78, 1721–1743 (1990).
10. R. Q. Fugate and W. J. Wild, “Untwinkling the stars, part 1,” Sky and Telescope (5), 25–32 (1994).
11. L. A. Bol’basova and V. P. Lukin, Adaptive Correction of Atmospheric Distortions of Optical Images Based on an Artificial Guide Source (Fizmatlit, Moscow, 2012).
12. Ya. I. Malashko and M. B. Naumov, Systems for Forming Powerful Laser Beams (Radiotekhnika, Moscow, 2013).
13. V. P. Lukin, “Laser guide stars—artificial guide sources,” in Collection of Articles ‘How It Was…’, part 5 (Tekhnosfera, Moscow, 2016), pp. 181–191.
14. R. Q. Fugate, B. L. Ellerbroek, C. H. Higgins, M. P. Jelonek, W. J. Lange, A. C. Slavin, W. J. Wild, D. M. Winker, J. M. Wynia, J. M. Spinhirne, B. R. Boeke, R. E. Ruane, J. F. Moroney, M. D. Oliker, R. A. Swindle, and D. W. Cleis, “Two generations of laser-guide-star adaptive-optics experiments at the Starfire Optical Range,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 310–324 (1994).
15. V. P. Lukin, “Adaptive optics in the formation of optical beams and images,” Phys.-Usp. 57(6), 558–592 (2014) [Usp. Fiz. Nauk 184(6), 599–640 (2014)].
16. B. M. Welsh and C. S. Gardner, “Performance analysis of adaptive-optical systems using laser guide stars and slope sensors,” J. Opt.Soc. Am. A 6, 1913–1923 (1989).
17. D. L. Fried and J. F. Belsher, “Analysis of fundamental limits to artificial-guide-star adaptive-optics-system performance for astronomical imaging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 277–287 (1994).
18. P. A. Bakut, O. M. Ershova, and Yu. P. Shumilov, “Calculation of the energy of a synthetic laser beacon,” Quantum Electron. 26(12), 1070–1074 (1996) [Kvant. Elektron. (Moscow) 23(12), 1100–1104 (1996)].
19. G. N. Mal’tsev, “Organization of optical observations and processing of data concerning space junk,” J. Opt. Technol. 68(10), 777–780 (2001) [Opt. Zh. 68(10), 65–69 (2001)].
20. B. M. Welsh and C. S. Gardner, “Effects of turbulence-induced aniso-planatism on the imaging performance of adaptive-astronomical telescopes using laser guide stars,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 69–80 (1991).
21. P. A. Bakut, V. B. Kamchatov, O. M. Markina, and Yu. P. Shumilov, “Artificial beacons in the adaptive optics of systems,” Zarub. Radioelektron. (4), 29–37 (1995).
22. V. E. Privalov, A. É. Fotiadi, and V. G. Shemanin, Lasers and Ecological Monitoring of the Atmosphere (Lan’, St. Petersburg, 2013).
23. B. Neichel, C. D’Orgeville, J. Callingham, F. Rigaut, C. Winge, and G. Trancho, “Characterization of the sodium layer at Cerro Pachón and impact on laser guide star performance,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 429, 3522–3532 (2013).
24. J. W. Hardy, “Active optics: a new technology for the control of light,” Proc. IEEE 66(6), 651–697 (1978).
25. L. A. Bol’basova and V. P. Lukin, “Modal isoplanatism of phase fluctuations,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 21(12), 1070–1075 (2008).
26. V. P. Lukin and B. V. Fortes, “Comparison of the limiting efficiency of various setups for forming laser guide stars,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 10(1), 34–41 (1997).
27. R. R. Parenti and R. J. Sasiela, “Laser-guide-star systems for astronomical applications,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 288–309 (1994).
28. B. M. Shustov, “Large optical telescopes of the future,” Zemlya Vselennaya 3(11), 8–11 (2008).