Numerical study of high-order soliton molecules generation process in an all-fiber erbium-doped ring laser

Orekhov, I.O., Averkieva U.S., Ismaeel A., Yan Feifei, Fedorenko A.Y., Sazonkin, S.G., Dvoretskiy, D.A., Denisov, L.K., Karasik, V.E.

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For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Орехов И.О., Аверкиева У.С., Исмаил А., Янь Ф., Федоренко А.Ю., Сазонкин С.Г., Дворецкий Д.А., Денисов Л.К., Карасик В.Е. Численное исследование процесса генерации групп связанных солитонов высокого порядка в полностью волоконном кольцевом эрбиевом лазере // Оптический журнал. 2025. Т. 92. № 7. С. 52–61. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2025-92-07-52-61

Orekhov I.O., Averkieva U.S., Ismaeel A., Yan F., Fedorenko A.Yu., Sazonkin S.G., Dvoretskiy D.A., Denisov L.K., Karasik V.E. Numerical study of high-order soliton molecules generation process in an all-fiber erbium-doped ring laser [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2025. V. 92. № 7. P. 52–61. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2025-92-07-52-61

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

Abstract:

Scope of research. Process of formation of high-order bound soliton groups (soliton molecules) in an erbium-doped fiber laser with mode-locking. The purpose of the work. Development a numerical model that enables us to investigate the mechanisms underlying the formation of high-order bound soliton groups (soliton molecules), as well as determining the influence of key parameters of a femtosecond fiber laser resonator on the emergence of stable multi-pulse regimes. Method. A numerical approach based on coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, solved using the split-step Fourier method while accounting for refractive index nonlinearity, gain saturation, and polarization effects. In our simulations, we consider the configuration of a fully fiber ring erbium-doped laser with a highly nonlinear fiber in the resonator. Main results. A stable solution of the Schrödinger equation for more than ten bound pulses is obtained, which confirms the possibility of generating high-order soliton molecules. It is established that the main factor responsible for splitting the initial pulse into many bound solitons is the high gain of the active medium, while polarization effects and phase delays enable fine control over the number and temporal separation of the pulses. Results are in agreement with experimental data and the theory of energy quantization in femtosecond fiber lasers. Practical significance. The proposed model can be used to improve fiber lasers, which is highly relevant for quantum computing and optical communications.

Keywords:

femtosecond fiber laser, ultrashort pulse laser, mode-locking, soliton molecules, generation of soliton molecules

Acknowledgements:

this research was conducted with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation, project № 23–29–00184 "Research of methods for generating soliton molecules in the telecommunications spectrum range based on ultrashort pulse fiber lasers".

OCIS codes: 190.0190, 200.0200, 270.0270

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