ITMO
ru/ ru

ISSN: 1023-5086

ru/

ISSN: 1023-5086

Scientific and technical

Opticheskii Zhurnal

A full-text English translation of the journal is published by Optica Publishing Group under the title “Journal of Optical Technology”

Article submission Подать статью
Больше информации Back

DOI: 10.17586/1023-5086-2021-88-02-03-11

УДК: 535.325, 551.593

Calculation of refraction angles for various spherically layered atmospheric models

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Ловчий И.Л. Расчёт углов рефракции для различных моделей сферически-слоистой атмосферы // Оптический журнал. 2021. Т. 88. № 2. С. 3–11. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2021-88-02-03-11

 

Lovchyi I.L. Calculation of refraction angles for various spherically layered atmospheric models [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2021. V. 88. № 2. P. 3–11. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2021-88-02-03-11

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

I. L. Lovchy, "Calculation of refraction angles for various spherically layered atmospheric models," Journal of Optical Technology. 88(2), 60-65 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.88.000060

Abstract:

We briefly analyze the known empirical formulas for atmospheric refractivity and describe the construction of beam trajectories in a spherically layered atmosphere. We compare the calculated refraction angles against the Pulkovo Tables and provide calculated refraction angles based on currently available atmospheric models.

Keywords:

refractive index, atmospheric refraction, atmospheric models, the Pulkovo Tables

OCIS codes: 010.1290, 010.4030

References:

1. J. W. Strohbehn, Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1978; Mir, Moscow, 1981).
2. L. T. Matveev, Fundamentals of General Meteorology: Physics of the Atmosphere (Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1967; Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1984).
3. V. J. Falcone and R. Dyer, “Electromagnetic wave propagation in the lower atmosphere,” in AFRL Handbook of Geophysics and the Space Environment, A. S. Jursa, ed. (1985), http://www.cnofs.org/Handbook_of_Geophysics_1985/Chptr19.pdf.
4. B. Edlén, “The refractive index of air,” Metrologia 2, 71–80 (1966). 5. J. C. Owens, “Optical refractive index of air: dependence on pressure, temperature and composition,” Appl. Opt. 6, 51–59 (1967).
6. E. R. Peck and K. Reeder, “Dispersion of air,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 958–962 (1972).
7. K. P. Birch and M. J. Downs, “An updated Edlén equation for the refractive index of air,” Metrologia 30, 155–162 (1993).
8. K. P. Birch and M. J. Downs, “Correction to the updated Edlén equation for the refractive index of air,” Metrologia 31, 315–316 (1994).
9. P. E. Ciddor, “Refractive index of air: new equations for the visible and near infrared,” Appl. Opt. 35, 1566–1573 (1996).
10. G. Bönsch and E. Potulski, “Measurement of the refractive index of air and comparison with modified Edlén’s formulae,” Metrologia 35, 133–139 (1998).
11. P. E. Ciddor and R. J. Hill, “Refractive index of air. 2. Group index,” Appl. Opt. 38, 1663–1667 (1999).
12. IAG Resolutions (1999), https://iag.dgfi.tum.de/fileadmin/IAG-docs/IAG_Resolutions_1999.pdf.
13. V. D. Bol’shakov, F. Deimlikh, A. N. Golubev, and V. P. Vasil’ev, Radiogeophysical and Electrooptic Measurements (Nedra, Moscow, 1985).
14. A. V. Koshelev, “Accounting of atmosphere refractive index impact on optical distance measurements results,” Geod. Kartogr. (2), 4–8 (2011).
15. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (Pergamon Press, 1965; Nauka, Moscow, 1973).
16. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshits, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Butterworth, Oxford, 1984; Nauka, Moscow, 1982).
17. A. V. Koshelev and A. A. Dubinina, “A study of the real velocities of optical waves based on precision interference measurements and optical range finder measurements,” Vestn. Sib. Gos. Geod. Akad. 23(3), 120–127 (2013).
18. L. J. Yang, H. Y. Zhang, Y. Li, and H. Y. Wei, “Absolute group refractive index measurement of air by dispersive interferometry using frequency comb,” Opt. Express 23, 33597–33607 (2015).
19. S. V. Asanov, V. V. Belov, A. D. Bulygin, Yu. Eh. Geints, V. V. Dudorov, A. A. Zemlyanov, A. B. Ignat’ev, F. Yu. Kanev, V. V. Kolosov, P. A. Konyaev, V. P. Lukin, G. G. Matvienko, V. V. Morozov, V. V. Nosov, Yu. N. Ponomarev, I. V. Ptashnik, and M. V. Tarasenkov, “Optical model of the Earth’s atmosphere for intense laser emission in the near and mid-infrared spectral ranges,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 28(4), 338–345 (2015).
20. I. F. Kushtin, Refraction of Light Beams in the Atmosphere (Nedra, Moscow, 1971).
21. V. E. Zharov, Spherical Astronomy (P. K. Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Fryazino, 2006).
22. R. C. Stone, “An accurate method for computing atmospheric refraction,” Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 108(729), 1051–1058 (1996).
23. A. I. Nefedeva, “Astronomical refraction. Part 2,” Izv. Astron. Obs. Im. Engel’gardta (40), 3–69 (1973).
24. A. I. Nefedeva, “Reductions for astronomical refraction,” Izv. Astron. Obs. Im. Engel’gardta (44), 136–159 (1978).
25. A. I. Nefedeva and N. G. Sokolova, “Astronomical refraction tables calculated for a standard atmosphere,” Izv. Astron. Obs. Im. Engel’gardta (43), 5–27 (1978).
26. A. I. Nefedeva, “Astronomical refraction tables,” Izv. Astron. Obs. Im. Engel’gardta (45), 3–81 (1978).
27. A. V. Alekseev, M. V. Kabanov, I. F. Kushtin, and V. E. Zuev, Optical Refraction in the Earth’s Atmosphere (Horizontal Paths) (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1982).
28. B. Edlén, “The dispersion of standard air,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 43, 339–344 (1953).
29. H. Barrell and J. E. Sears, “The refraction and dispersion of air and dispersion of air for the visible spectrum,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 238(786), 1–64 (1939).
30. V. K. Abalakin, ed., Refraction Tables of Pulkovo Observatory, 5th ed. (Nauka, Leningrad, 1985).
31. I. S. Guseva, Calculation of Astronomical Refraction and Preparation of Refraction Tables by Atmospheric Modeling, Abstract of candidate’s dissertation (Main Astronomical Observatory, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, 1986).
32. GOST 4401-81, “Standard Atmosphere. Parameters” (Izdatelstvo Standartov, Moscow, 1981).
33. V. P. Nelyubina and N. F. Nelyubin, “Calculation of terrestrial and astronomical refraction at large zenith angles,” Astrom. Astrofiz. (41), 82–91 (1980).
34. G. P. Anderson, S. A. Clough, F. Kneizys, J. H. Chetwynd, and E. P. Shettle, “AFGL Atmospheric Constituent Profiles (0–120 km),” Environmental Research Paper No. 964, AFGL-TR-86-0110 (Air Force Geophysics Lab, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, 1986).
35. F. X. Kneizys, L. W. Abreu, G. P. Anderson, J. H. Chetwynd, E. P. Shettle, A. Berk, L. S. Bernstein, D. C. Robertson, P. Acharya, L. S. Rothman, J. E. A. Selby, W. O. Gallery, and S. A. Clough, “The MODTRAN 2/3 Report and LOWTRAN 7 Model” (Phillips Laboratory Geophysics Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, 1996).
36. COESA Working Group, “U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976,” NOAA-S/T 76-1562 or NASA TM-X-74335 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1976).
37. S. Y. van der Werf, “Ray tracing and refraction in the modified US1976 atmosphere,” Appl. Opt. 42(3), 354–366 (2003).
38. M. Lipcanu, “A direct method for the calculation of astronomical refraction,” Proc. Rom. Acad. Ser. A 6(2) (2005).
39. COAPAR, COAPAR International Reference Atmosphere (North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1961).