La Gioconda and the indeterminacy of smile recognition by a person and by an artificial neural network

Zhukova, O.V., Malakhova, E.Y., Shelepin, Y.E.

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Publication in Journal of Optical Technology

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Жукова О.В., Малахова Е.Ю., Шелепин Ю.Е. Джоконда и неопределенность распознавания улыбки человеком и искусственной нейронной сетью // Оптический журнал. 2019. Т. 86. № 11. С. 40–50. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2019-86-11-40-50

Zhukova O.V., Malakhova E.Yu., Shelepin Yu.E. La Gioconda and the indeterminacy of smile recognition by a person and by an artificial neural network [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2019. V. 86. № 11. P. 40–50. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2019-86-11-40-50

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

O. V. Zhukova, E. Yu. Malakhova, and Yu. E. Shelepin, "La Gioconda and the indeterminacy of smile recognition by a person and by an artificial neural network," Journal of Optical Technology. 86(11), 706-715 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.86.000706

Abstract:

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the possibilities of smile recognition by a person and by an artificial neural network under conditions of indeterminacy. The main brain-activity patterns are studied by functional magnetic-resonance tomography. There are fundamental limitations inherent to natural and artificial neural networks, and therefore generalizations of the results of recognizing test images are obtained under below-threshold and above-threshold conditions. The probability of recognizing a smile is thus fairly high under ordinary conditions, but it decreases under indeterminacy conditions (threshold and noisy images) both in humans and in artificial neural networks. For instance, the recognition of a smile in La Gioconda’s facial expression by a person and by an artificial neural network occurs with probability 0.69. We assume that the most important operating principle in both networks is a matched-filtering mechanism as a measure of how well the presented image corresponds to a pattern learned by the neural network—in particular, a smile.

Keywords:

smile, artificial neural network, recognition, large neural network, brain-activity pattern

Acknowledgements:

The neurophysiological part of this study was carried out with the financial support of the scientific research project Psychophysiological and Neurolinguistic Aspects of the Process of Recognition of Verbal and Nonverbal Patterns, a project of the Russian Science Foundation (No. 14-18-02135).
The modeling on a convolutional deep-learning neural network was carried out with the financial support of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research of State Academies in 2013–2020 (GP-14, Section 63), I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology.

OCIS codes: 100.4996, 170.6960, 330.5020

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