Automatic bias control of Mach−Zehnder modulators for QPSK and QAM systems

Publication in Journal of Optical Technology

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Bilal S.M., Bosco G. Automatic bias control of Mach−Zehnder modulators for QPSK and QAM systems (Автоматический контроль модуляторов Маха−Цендера для волоконно-оптических систем связи) [на англ. яз.] // Оптический журнал. 2014. Т. 81. № 7. С. 53–58.

Bilal S.M., Bosco G. Automatic bias control of Mach−Zehnder modulators for QPSK and QAM systems (Автоматический контроль модуляторов Маха−Цендера для волоконно-оптических систем связи) [in English] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2014. V. 81. № 7. P. 53–58.

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

S. M. Bilal and G. Bosco, "Automatic bias control of Mach−Zehnder modulators for QPSK and QAM systems," Journal of Optical Technology. 81(7), 403-407 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.81.000403

Abstract:

A close-loop control technique for automatic bias control of inner and outer Mach–Zehnder modulators in a dual parallel configuration is presented. The Mach–Zehnders are configured as dual parallel optical modulators. The technique is based on applying low amplitude pilot tones at three different direct current biasing ports of the modulators. By carefully monitoring the amplitude of the beating between these pilot tones, a close-loop control technique can be developed that will automatically monitor and follow the drift of the direct current biasing voltage from its optimum. Hence the technique will enable the modulators to exhibit long term stability for the quadrature phase shift keying or M-quadrature amplitude modulation systems.

Keywords:

dual parallel Mach–Zender modulator, phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, pilot tones, beating tones, direct current biasing voltage, in-phase electric field, quadrature electric field

OCIS codes: 060.0060, 060.1660, 060.4080

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