Energy efficiency of optical data transmission by 1.55 μm range vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with the active region based on InGaAs/InAlGaAs quantum wells

Blokhin, S.A., Kovach, Y.N., Bobrov, M.A., Blokhin, A.A., Babichev, A.V., Karachinsky, L.Y., Novikov, I.I., Gladyshev, A.G., Kopytov, P.E., Papylev D.S., Voropaev, K.O., Egorov A.Y., Tian Sicong, Bimberg Dieter

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Блохин С.А., Ковач Я.Н., Бобров М.А., Блохин А.А., Бабичев А.В., Карачинский Л.Я., Новиков И.И., Гладышев А.Г., Копытов П.Е., Папылев Д.С., Воропаев К.О., Егоров А.Ю., Сиконг Тиан, Дитер Бимберг. Энергоэффективность вертикально-излучающих лазеров спектрального диапазона 1,55 мкм с активной областью на основе напряжённых квантовых ям InGaAs/InAlGaAs // Оптический журнал. 2024. Т. 91. № 12. С. 35–45. http://doi.org/ 10.17586/1023-5086-2024-91-12-35-45

Blokhin S.A., Kovach Ya.N., Bobrov M.A., Blokhin A.A., Babichev A.V., Karachinsky L.Ya., Novikov I.I., Gladyshev A.G., Kopytov P.E., Papylev D.S., Voropaev K.O., Egorov A.Yu., Tian S.-C., Bimberg D. Energy efficiency of optical data transmission by 1.55 μm range vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with the active region based on InGaAs/InAlGaAs quantum wells [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2024. V. 91. № 12. P. 35–45. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2024-91-12-35-45

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

Abstract:

Subject of study. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers lasing at 1.55 μm based on strained InGaAs/InAlGaAs quantum wells, manufactured using wafer-fusion technology to bond heterostructures of distributed Bragg reflectors and an optical cavity grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Aim of study. Evaluation of the energy efficiency of information transmission using a 1.55 μm range vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, fabricated using a combined wafer-fusion and molecular beam epitaxy techniques, in a wide range of data transfer rates of 5–30 Gbit/s. Method. Measurements of eye diagrams during large signal modulation at various data rates and estimation of the effective modulation bandwidth and dynamic laser energy efficiency from the results of small-signal analysis. Main results. It is shown that the minimum energy efficiency of 0.83 pJ/bit is achieved at a data rate of 20 Gbit/s for the lasers under study, which correlates with the results of the theoretical evaluation. A further increase in the operating current with the aim of achieving a higher data rate leads to a sharp increase in laser energy efficiency due to a slower increase in the modulation bandwidth compared to the increase in energy consumption. At the maximum data transfer rate of 30 Gbit/s, for which an open eye diagram was obtained, the laser energy efficiency increased to 1.2 pJ/bit. Practical significance. The obtained results are important for the design of efficient high-speed fiber optic transceivers based on 1.55 μm range vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.

Keywords:

vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, wafer-fusion technology, on-off keying, highspeed, energy efficiency

Acknowledgements:

the small-signal modulation measurements of the authors from ITMO University was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Research Project № 2019-1442 (Project Reference number FSER-2020-0013). The authors from Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) acknowledge support by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFB2801000) for the large-signal modulation measurements of 1550 nm WF VCSELs. L. Karachinsky and S. Blokhin acknowledge the support of the CAS President’s international fellowship initiative grants № 2023VTA0007 and № 2023VTB0002 for the analysis of the static characteristics and energy-efficiency of VCSELs, respectively

OCIS codes: 140.5960, 250.5960, 140.7260, 250.7260, 160.6000, 060.4080, 060.4510

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