The influence of external factors on the optical and structural characteristics of higher plants

Bukhanov E.R., Velichko V.V., Lipshin A.G., Shihov V.N., Surin N.A.

For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Буханов Е.Р., Величко В.В., Липшин А.Г., Шихов В.Н., Сурин Н.А. Влияние внешних воздействий на оптические и структурные характеристики высших растений // Оптический журнал. 2025. Т. 92. № 2. С. 116–123. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2025-92-02-116-123

Bukhanov E.R., Velichko V.V., Lipshin A.G., Shikhov V.N., Surin N.A. The influence of external factors on the optical and structural characteristics of higher plants [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2025. V. 92. № 2. P. 116–123. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2025-92-02-116-123

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):

Abstract:

Subject of study. Rate of electron transfer between plant photosystems based on fluorescence
measurements and calculated density graphs of photon processes. Aim of study. Study of the structural
and optical parameters of barley grown under different conditions. Method. The morphology of
chloroplasts was examined by electron microscopy of tissue samples of barley flag leaves grown under
the same intensity of illumination in the chamber and in the field. The samples were coloured with
heavy metals and then analyzed by Hitachi HT 7700 transmission electron microscope. Chlorophyll
fluorescence parameters of the flag leaves were measured in vivo using the LI-6800 photosynthesis
system in a closed leaf chamber with a fluorimeter integrated in it. Main results. The role of
structural coloration caused by interference and diffraction of light on structural elements of a green
leaf comparable to the wavelength of light has been described only in recent years. The study also
identified a significantly denser and better ordered grana structure in the chloroplasts of barley
leaf cells grown under light culture conditions. Despite this difference, the maximum quantum
yield of photosystem II in both samples was in the range of values typical for normal physiological
state of plants. Since the transport of electrons is closely related to the spatial organization of the
photosynthetic apparatus on the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, denser packed grana surely
makes it possible to transport electrons more efficiently because molecular complexes involved in the
process are better arranged. It was found during the research that the electron transfer rate in plants
differ. Electron transport speed comparison shows that electrons are transferred 1.7 times faster in
the vegetation chamber compared to field environment. Thus, based on calculations and the results
of spectroscopy and electron microscopy, a connection was revealed between the density of photonic states, electron transfer speed and the occurrence of chemical reactions during photosynthesis.
Practical significance. Comparing photosynthetic parameters of the same plants grown in different
environment provides useful information concerning photosynthesis. Identification of the main
factors (quantity and quality of water, external environment, amount of nutrients, etc.) affecting the
structure and optical properties of plants will increase the productivity of agricultural products and
reduce costs by optimizing resources and technological processes.

Keywords:

photosynthesis, chloroplast, spectroscopy, growth conditions, numerical modeling

Acknowledgements:

the studies were performed on the equipment of Resource sharing center of the FRC KSC of the SB RAS

OCIS codes: 170.1420, 180.0180, 300.0300

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