ITMO
ru/ ru

ISSN: 1023-5086

ru/

ISSN: 1023-5086

Scientific and technical

Opticheskii Zhurnal

A full-text English translation of the journal is published by Optica Publishing Group under the title “Journal of Optical Technology”

Article submission Подать статью
Больше информации Back

DOI: 10.17586/1023-5086-2026-93-06-51-57

УДК: 681.7.068

Investigation of three fiber Bragg grating cascade for fabrication of a narrowband spectral filter

Yandybaeva, Y.I., Varzhel, S.V., Volkovskii S.A., Kaliazina, D.V., Magomedova A.A., Kulikov, A.V.
For Russian citation (Opticheskii Zhurnal):

Яндыбаева Ю.И., Варжель С.В., Волковский С.А., Калязина Д.В., Магомедова А.А., Куликов А.В. Исследование каскада из трёх волоконных брэгговских решёток для создания узкополосного спектрального фильтра // Оптический журнал. 2026. Т. 93. № 6. С. 51–57. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2026-93-06-51-57

Yandybaeva Yu.I., Varzhel S.V., Volkovskii S.A., Kaliazina D.V., Magomedova A.A., Kulikov A.V. Investigation of three fiber Bragg grating cascade for fabrication of a narrowband spectral filter [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2026. V. 93. № 6. P. 51–57. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2026-93-06-51-57

For citation (Journal of Optical Technology):
-
Abstract:

Subject of study. A narrowband spectral filter on a cascade of three fiber Bragg gratings connected to each other through fiber-optic isolators. Aim of study. Investigation of the configuration and spectral characteristics of a narrowband filter on a cascade of three fiber Bragg gratings and two optical isolators. Method. The filter design consists of cascading three fiber Bragg gratings with a reflection coefficient of 15–20 dB and a spectral bandwidth of about 30–40 pm with a close wavelength of the Bragg resonance. The use of two optical isolators between the gratings is a necessary requirement to prevent interference effects. Main results. The use of a cascade configuration of three fiber Bragg gratings made it possible to obtain a narrow spectral band with a width of 47 pm at a level of –3 dB simultaneously with a high signal attenuation coefficient of more than 50 dB and a central wavelength of 1549.85 nm. The optical losses outside the spectral band of the filter were 0,9 dB. A comparison with a filter on a cascade of two fiber Bragg gratings showed significantly better spectral characteristics — a cascade of three gratings has a 1.6 times narrower spectral band with a higher attenuation coefficient of the signal at the resonance frequency and a significantly stronger suppression of the side minimum on the shortwave side. Practical significance. The investigated configuration of a narrowband spectral filter may be relevant in the tasks of narrow spectral band selection: multiplexing systems, fiber lasers, subcarrier wave quantum key distribution systems to cut off the central or side frequencies of a quantum signal.

Keywords:

fiber Bragg gratings, narrowband spectral filters, cascade of fiber Bragg gratings, fiber-optic isolator, subcarrier wave quantum key distribution system

OCIS codes: 060.3735, 060.2340, 060.5565

References:
  1. Igarashi K., Kikuchi K. Optical signal processing by phase modulation and subsequent spectral filtering aiming at applications to ultrafast optical communication systems // IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2008. V. 14. № 3. P. 551–565. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2008.920293
  2. Sadot D., Boimovich E. Tunable optical filters for dense WDM networks // IEEE Communications Magazine. 2002. V. 36. № 12. P. 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/35.735877
  3. Schmidt O., Rekas M., Wirth C., Rothhardt J., Rhein S., Kliner A., Strecker M., Schreiber T., Limpert J., Eberhardt R., Tünnermann A. High power narrow-band fiber-based ASE source // Optics Express. 2011. V. 19. № 5. P. 4421–4427. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.004421
  4. Kashyap R. Fiber Bragg gratings. Burlington: Academic press, 2009. 614 p.
  5. Riant I. Fiber Bragg gratings for optical telecommunications // Comptes Rendus Physique. 2003. V. 4. № 1. P. 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0705(03)00013-6
  6. Capmany J., Ortigosa-Blanch A., Mora J., Ruiz-Alba A., Amaya W., Martinez A. Analysis of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution systems: signal, intermodulation, and quantum bit error rate // IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2009. V. 15. № 6. P. 1607–1621. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2031065
  7. Kiselev F., Goncharov R., Veselkova N., Samsonov E., Kiselev A.D., Egorov V. Performance of subcarrier-wave quantum key distribution in the presence of spontaneous Raman scattering noise generated by classical DWDM channels // Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 2021. V. 38. № 2. P. 595–601. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.412289
  8. Kynev S.M., Chistyakov V.V., Inochkin M.V., Varzhel S.V., Kalyazina D.V., Dmitriev A.A., Kulikov A.V., Santev A.A., Belyakov V.I., Khalturinsky A.K., Anisimov A.A., Kuznetsov V.V., Kozlov S.A. Prospects for developing subcarrier wave quantum communication systems on the domestic component base // Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2025. P. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-025-10351-0
  9. Яндыбаева Ю.И., Варжель С.В., Якимук В.А., Комисаров В.А., Калязина Д.В., Дмитриев А.А., Сковородкина М.В., Куликов А.В. Разработка и исследование узкополосных спектральных фильтров на каскаде волоконных брэгговских решёток // Оптический журнал. 2024. Т. 91. № 10. С. 43–49. http://doi.org/10.17586/1023-5086-2024-91-10-43-49                                                                                                      Yandybaeva Y.I., Varzhel S.V., Yakimuk V.A., Komisarov V.A., Kalyazina D.V., Dmitriev A.A., Skovorodkina M.V., Kulikov A.V. Development and research on narrowband spectral filters on a cascade of fiber Bragg gratings // Journal of Optical Technology. 2024. V. 91. № 10. P. 665–668. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.91.000665
  1. Othonos A. Fiber Bragg gratings // Review of Scientific Instruments. 1997. V. 68. № 12. P. 4309–4341. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1148392
  2. Yakimuk V.A., Varzhel S.V., Moor I.D., Yandybaeva Y.I., Korobkova U.R., Klishina V.A., Kulikov A.V. Research of fiber Bragg gratings inscription by the method of translation of a laser beam relative to a phase mask // Optik. 2025. V. 323. P. 172216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172216
  3. Tawfik N.I., Eldeeb W.S., El-Mashade M.B., Abdelnaiem A.E. Optimization of uniform fiber Bragg grating reflection spectra for maximum reflectivity and narrow bandwidth // International Journal of Computational Engineering Research. 2015. V. 5. P. 53–61. https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.1328300
  4. Toba M., Mustafa F.M., Barakat T.M. New simulation and analysis fiber Bragg grating: narrow bandwidth without side lobes // Journal of Physics Communications. 2020. V. 4. № 7. P. 075018. https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ab0600
  5. Lemaire P., Atkins R., Mizrahi V., Reed W. High pressure H2 loading as a technique for achieving ultrahigh UV photosensitivity and thermal sensitivity in GeO2 doped optical fibers // Electronics Letters. 1993. V. 29. P. 1191–1193. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19930796
  6. Варжель С.В., Мунько А.С., Коннов К.А., Грибаев А.И., Куликов А.В. Запись решёток Брэгга в двулучепреломляющем оптическом волокне с эллиптической напрягающей оболочкой, подвергнутом водородной обработке // Оптический журнал. 2016. Т. 83. № 10. С. 74–78.                                                          Varzhel S.V., Mun’ko A.S., Konnov K.A., Gribaev A.I., Kulikov A.V. Recording Bragg gratings in hydrogenated birefringent optical fiber with elliptical stress cladding // Journal of Optical Technology. 2016. V. 83. № 10. P. 638–641. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.83.000638