How the melting conditions affect the valence equilibrium of copper ions in aluminopotassium barium phosphate glass

Арбузов В.И., Гусев П.Е., Семенов А.Д. Влияние условий варки на равновесие валентных форм ионов меди в алюмокалиево-бариево-фосфатном стекле // Оптический журнал. 2007. Т. 74. № 6. С. 54–58.

Arbuzov V.I., Gusev P.E., Semenov A.D. How the melting conditions affect the valence equilibrium of copper ions in aluminopotassium barium phosphate glass [in Russian] // Opticheskii Zhurnal. 2007. V. 74. № 6. P. 54–58.

V. I. Arbuzov, P. E. Gusev, and A. D. Semenov, "How the melting conditions affect the valence equilibrium of copper ions in aluminopotassium barium phosphate glass," Journal of Optical Technology. 74 (6), 415-418 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOT.74.000415

This paper discusses copper-activated aluminopotassium barium phosphate glasses similar in composition to the matrix of KGSS 0180/35 phosphate laser glass, used to fabricate large-scale disk-shaped active elements of powerful laser systems with high output energy. The glasses were melted at various temperatures under neutral or oxidizing conditions. The quantitative Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ ratio and the contribution of the Cu²⁺ ions to the index of inactive absorption of the glass at the lasing wavelength (1.053 µm) was studied as a function of its melting conditions. The studies used absorption, luminescence, mass-spectrometric, and x-ray photoelectron analysis. It is established that the quantitative Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ ratio in the test glasses is mainly determined by the melting temperature at the homogenization stage of the glass.